High-tide "nuisance flooding" has increased between 300 and 925 percent since the 1960s as a result of sea level rise. In this Q&A, Billy Sweet and John Marra explain the changes and offer projections for the remainder of the 2015-16 monitoring year.
Plants on land have helped slow global warming by capturing nearly a quarter of the carbon dioxide that human activities release in an average year. But where is it all going?
Globally, carbon emissions from fires were near the long-term average in 2014, but North America's emissions were 70% higher than average.
While slightly wetter than 2013, the global average soil moisture in 2014 was near-normal.
Cool conditions prevailed across large parts of the North America in 2014. Everywhere else, the frequency of warm days was higher than average, and the frequency of cold nights was below average.
In 2014, global average sea level was 2.6 inches (67 mm) above the 1993 average, which is the highest yearly average in the satellite record.
In 2014, the upper ocean held more heat than average throughout most of the major ocean basins.
Depending on the data set, 2014 was either the warmest or tied-for-warmest year since records began in the mid-to-late 1800s.
In 2014, precipitation over land was generally below average, while precipitation over the oceans was above average.
Overall, average global river outflow in 2014 slightly exceeded the climate normal.