The Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern influences regional weather by affecting the strength and location of the East Asian jet stream, and subsequently, the weather it delivers to North America.

Since satellite-based measurements began in the late 1970s, Arctic sea ice extent has decreased in all months and virtually all regions The 14 lowest extents in the satellite era have all occurred in the last 14 years.

Temperatures measured on land and at sea for more than a century show that Earth's globally averaged surface temperature is rising.

The Arctic Oscillation (AO) refers to an atmospheric circulation pattern over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The most obvious reflection of the phase of this oscillation is the north-to-south location of the storm-steering, mid-latitude jet stream.

Sea level has risen 8-9 inches since 1880, and the rate is accelerating thanks to glacier and ice sheet melt.