Antarctic sea ice extents compared to the 1979-2022 average from November 1978 to June 2023 in millions of square kilometers. A statistical analysis found two change points, separating the time series into three periods: November 1978 to August 2007 (grey), September 2007 to August 2016 (blue), and September 2016 to June 2023 (orange). The means of each period are shown by the horizontal lines. The low-ice period of recent years coincides with a period of warming of the Southern Ocean. NOAA Climate.gov graphic, adapted from Figure 1(a) in Purich, A., & Doddridge, E.W. (2023). Record low Antarctic sea ice coverage indicates a new sea ice state. In Communications Earth & Environment, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00961-9. Used under a Creative Commons license.